UrinalysisData

Urinalysis is the physical, chemical, and microscopic examination of urine. It involves a number of tests to detect and measure various compounds that pass through the urine. More...

Collaboration diagram for UrinalysisData:

Modules

 Color
 Color of the urine.
 
 Appearance
 Clarity of the urine.
 
 Glucose
 Glucose is normally not present in urine. When glucose is present, the condition is called glucosuria.
 
 Ketone
 Ketones are not normally found in the urine. They are intermediate products of fat metabolism. They can form when a person does not process enough carbohydrates.
 
 Bilirubin
 Bilirubin is not present in the urine of normal, healthy individuals. Bilirubin is a waste product that is produced by the liver from the hemoglobin of RBCs that are removed from circulation.
 
 SpecificGravity
 A measure of urine concentration that can be determined using a chemical test.
 
 Blood
 This test is used to detect hemoglobin in the urine (hemoglobinuria). Hemoglobin is an oxygen-transporting protein found inside red blood cells (RBCs). Its presence in the urine indicates blood in the urine (known as hematuria).
 
 pH
 As with specific gravity, there are typical but not "abnormal" pH values. The kidneys play an important role in maintaining the acid-base balance of the body.
 
 Protein
 The protein test pad measures the amount of albumin in the urine. Normally, there will not be detectable quantities.
 
 Urobilinogen
 Urobilinogen is normally present in urine in low concentrations. It is formed in the intestine from bilirubin, and a portion of it is absorbed back into the bloodstream.
 
 Nitrite
 This test detects nitrite and is based upon the fact that many bacteria can convert nitrate to nitrite in the urine.
 
 LeukocyteEsterase
 Leukocyte esterase is an enzyme present in most white blood cells (WBCs). Normally, a few white blood cells (see microscopic examination) are present in urine and this test is negative. When the number of WBCs in urine increases significantly, this screening test will become positive.
 
 Microscopic
 

Detailed Description

Urinalysis is the physical, chemical, and microscopic examination of urine. It involves a number of tests to detect and measure various compounds that pass through the urine.

References